Informed consent is needed for which of the following?

• A. Surgical Procedure
• B. IV Contrast Media
• C. HIV Testing (Oral Consent)
• D. Blood Transfusion

Answer: (B)

Informed consent is required whenever a patient is asked to undergo a medical intervention that has identifiable risks, benefits, and alternatives, and the patient must understand and voluntarily agree to proceed. Administering IV contrast is a distinct procedure with specific, known risks, such as possible allergic-like reactions and contrast-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as the potential for extravasation. Because these risks are concrete and patient understanding of them is essential, explicit consent is obtained before giving the contrast. While other medical actions often involve consent as part of standard care, the contrast administration stands out as a clear case where the discussion of risks, alternatives (like non-contrast imaging or a different modality), and what to do if a reaction occurs is necessary before proceeding.